Ngokuvamile, uma ukuthwala kusetshenziswe kahle, kungasetshenziswa kuze kufike impilo yokukhathala. Kodwa-ke, kungahle kube nomonakalo wengozi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi kungenzeka kungakwazi ukumelana nokusetshenziswa. Lolu hlobo lomonakalo wokuqala, ngokungafani nempilo yokukhathala, umkhawulo wokusebenzisa ikhwalithi obizwa ngokwehluleka noma ngengozi. Kubangelwa kakhulu ukufakwa budlabha, ukusetshenziswa, nokuthambisa, izinto zangaphandle ezihlaselwe zivela ngaphandle, nocwaningo olunganele ngemiphumela yokushisa kwemiphongolo kanye nezindlu.
Ngokuphathelene nesimo sokulimala kokuthwala, okufana nalokhu: ujamu wendandatho nobambo lwe-roller bearing, izizathu zingacatshangelwa: i-lubricant enganele, ukungahambelani, ukukhubazeka ekunikezelweni kukawoyela nesakhiwo samanzi, ukufakwa kwendaba yakwamanye amazwe, ukufaka ukufakwa iphutha, shaft deflection Uma iculo likhulu kakhulu, lezi zizathu zizodlula.
Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukwazi imbangela yangempela yomonakalo kuphela ngokuphenya ngomonakalo ophethe. Kodwa-ke, uma wazi imishini esetshenzisiwe, imibandela yokusetshenziswa, isakhiwo esiseduze kokuthwala, isimo ngaphambi nangemva kwengozi, kuhlangene nesimo sokulimala kwebhegi kanye nezizathu eziningana, ungavimbela izingozi ezifanayo ukuthi zingaveli futhi.
a. Ubukhulu besikhala sangaphakathi nangaphandle kufanele bufaniswe, futhi ukufana phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili zesikhala akufanele kweqe ku-0.002mm.
b. Amabhere kufanele akhethwe. Umehluko wobubanzi obungaphakathi nobubanzi obungaphandle beqembu ngalinye lamabhere kufanele kube phakathi kuka-0.002 mm no-0.003 mm, futhi kufanele kugcinwe phakathi kuka-0.004 mm no-0.008 mm nomgodi wezindlu naphakathi kuka-0.0025 mm no-0.005 mm nejenali. Ekufakeni kwangempela, kungcono ukulinganisa ukuthwala ngesithupha sezandla zombili.
c. Ukuzungezwa komgodi wesihlalo ophethe kanye nejenali, ubumbano emaphethelweni womabili omgodi wezindlu, kanye nomzila we-radial wejenali akufanele weqe ku-0.003mm.
d. Ubuso bokugcina bezingxenye ezixhumana nobuso bokugcina bezindandatho eziqukethe kufanele zifakwe umbala ukuze zihlolwe, futhi indawo yokuxhumana akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-80%.
e. Kumele ifakwe ohlangothini. Lokho wukuthi, iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lokuqhutshwa kwemisebe ye-radial yawo wonke amasongo angaphakathi aqondaniswe nephuzu eliphansi kakhulu le-runial radout runout, futhi iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu lokuqhutshwa kwe-radial okuphethe indandatho yangaphandle kufanele libe kulayini oqondile lapho lifakwe emgodini wezindlu.
Kungahle kube nezici eziningi ezithinta impilo yesevisi yamabombo agingqikayo, angachazwa ngokuqhubekayo kusuka kuzici zokusebenzisa nezici zangaphakathi.
Isici sokusetshenziswa ikakhulu sisho ukuthi ukulungiswa kokufakwa, ukusetshenziswa nokugcinwa, ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kuyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zobuchwepheshe. Ngokuya ngezidingo zobuchwepheshe zokufakwa kokufakwa kokugoqeka, ukusetshenziswa, ukugcinwa kanye nokugcinwa, umthwalo, isivinini, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo, ukudlidliza, umsindo kanye nezimo zokuthambisa zokuthwala okusebenzayo kuyabhekwa futhi kuhlolwe. Uma kutholakala okungajwayelekile, imbangela izotholakala ngokushesha bese ilungiswa ukuze ikwenze ibuyele kokujwayelekile. Isimo sokufakwa singesinye sezici eziyinhloko kuzici zokusebenzisa. Ukuthwala kuvame ukubangelwa ukufakwa okungafanele, okwenza isimo sokuxineka sezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zebheringi sishintshe. I-bearing isebenza esimweni esingajwayelekile futhi iqeda impilo yayo yesevisi kusenesikhathi.
Amandla amakhulu noma amancane asetshenziswayo lapho ufaka ukuthwala azothinta ukusebenza nempilo yokuthwala, futhi kudale nomonakalo ekuphatheni. Lokhu okulandelayo ngamathiphu amane adinga ukunakwa ngenkathi kusetshenziswa amandla.
1. Amandla asetshenzisiwe kufanele azinze futhi afane, ngaphandle komthelela. Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwengcindezi kawoyela noma amathuluzi angasebenzisa amandla okudonsa abushelelezi noma ingcindezi. Lapho ukukhanda kudingekile ngempela, kufanele kudluliswe emkhonweni othambile wethusi. Insimbi ewayo iboshiwe, futhi amandla agadlile amnene ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungcono ukusebenzisa induku yethusi noma isando sethusi ekushayeni izando.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kufanele kuqhubeke kuze kuphothulwe umsebenzi. Isibonelo, lapho ukufakwa kufakiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kufanele kumiswe lapho ukufakwa kufakwe endaweni efanelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubuso bokugcina bendandatho (i-washer) buphikisana nomgodi wesihlalo noma ubuso bokugcina beshawa ehlombe, futhi alikwazi ukucindezelwa. Iqinile kakhulu ukuthi ingangena endaweni yayo.
3. Amandla okuqhamuka kwamandla asetshenzisiwe adlula eksisi lokuthwala ngangokunokwenzeka, okudinga ukuthi iphoyinti lokufaka amandla lifana, lilingana futhi lizinzile, futhi amandla asetshenziswa endaweni eyindilinga noma ngokufana ne-eksisi.
4. Gwema ukusebenzisa amandla ngokusebenzisa izinto ezigingqikayo, ezidinga ukusebenzisa amandla ngokusebenzisa iringi yangaphakathi lapho uhlanganisa futhi uqaqa iringi yangaphakathi (shaft ring), futhi usebenzise amandla ngokusebenzisa iringi yangaphandle lapho uhlanganisa futhi uqaqa iringi engaphandle.
(1) Umphumela wamandla okusetshenziswa udlula eksisi lokuthwala ngangokunokwenzeka, okudinga iphoyinti lesicelo ukuthi lifane, lilingane futhi lizinze, lisebenzise amandla ngokusebenzisa indawo eyindilinga noma ngokufana ne-eksisi.
(2) Amandla asetshenzisiwe kufanele azinze futhi afane, futhi akufanele athinteke. Lokhu kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwengcindezi kawoyela noma amathuluzi angafaka ingcindezi ezinzile noma ingcindezi. Lapho ukukhanda kudingekile ngempela, kufanele kudluliswe emkhonweni wethusi othambile. Insimbi engawi ibhajwa, futhi amandla agadlile amnene ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungcono ukusebenzisa induku yethusi noma isando sethusi ekushayeni izando.
(3) Gwema ukusebenzisa amandla ezintweni ezigingqikayo, ezidinga ukusebenzisa amandla ngokusebenzisa iringi yangaphakathi lapho uhlanganisa futhi uqaqa iringi yangaphakathi (shaft ring), futhi usebenzise amandla ngokusebenzisa iringi yangaphandle lapho uhlanganisa futhi uqaqa iringi engaphandle.
(4) Amandla okuhudula kufanele aqhubeke kuze kube sezingeni okufanele abe kulo. Isibonelo, lapho ukufakwa kufakiwe, amandla kufanele amiswe lapho ukufakwa kufakwe endaweni efanelekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokugcina iringi (isher) iyaphikisana nendawo yokugcina yomgodi wesihlalo noma ihlombe le umphini. Ayikwazi ukukhanywa ngokuqinile, futhi ayikwazi ukufakwa ngokungafanele.
1. Akuvunyelwe ukubhola, i-groove, i-chamfer, noma ubuso bokuphela kwemoto ekuthwaleni ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kulula ukudala ukuguqulwa kwendandatho ethwele, ethinta ukunemba nokuphila kokuthwala. Ngasikhathi sinye, insimbi esikiwe ingena kalula ebusweni bokusebenza, isheshisa ukugqokwa komgwaqo wobuhlanga nokugingqika, futhi idale ukulimala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kokuthwala.
2. Akuvunyelwe ukushaya ngqo iringi ephethe isando ngesandla ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Ubuso bokugcina obuyisithenjwa bokufakwa bufakwe eduze kwehlombe le-shaft ngaphakathi. Indawo yokugcina eyinkomba yokuthwala ihlukaniswa ngokuya ngokuthi ingabe indawo yokugcina ethayiphiwe ithayiphiwe noma cha. Okwe-groove ball bearings okujulile, amabombo ebhola azilinganisa, ama-roller cylindrical bearings, ama-roller roller ayizigaxa namabhere enaliti, indawo yokugcina ngaphandle kwezinhlamvu isetshenziswa njengendawo yokubhekisela; ukuthintana kwe-angular Kwamabhere ebhola namabheroli e-tapered roller, ubuso bokugcina nezinhlamvu busetshenziswa njengendawo yokubhekisela.
3. Ingcindezi kufanele isetshenziswe ekugcineni kobuso bendandatho ngokufakwa kokuphazamiseka okulungile ngesikhathi sokufakwa, okungukuthi, lapho kufakwa kushaft, ingcindezi kufanele isetshenziswe ekugcineni kwendawo yendandatho yangaphakathi ethwele; lapho ifakwe emgodini wezindlu ezithwalayo, ingcindezi kufanele isetshenziswe ngaphandle kobuso bokugcina be-Circle. Akuvunyelwe ukudlulisa ingcindezi ezintweni ezigingqikayo bese ubamba.
4. Okwama-bearings anokulingana okulingene kwendandatho yangaphakathi nokulingana kwesiliphu sangaphandle, lapho ufaka, uhlobo olungakwazi ukuhlukaniswa kufanele luqale lufake okufakwayo kushaft, bese lufaka ishafula kanye nokuthwala endlini. imbobo yezindlu ezithwalayo; Ngohlobo oluhlukaniswayo, amasongo angaphakathi nangaphandle angafakwa ngokwahlukana.
5. Ukuze uvimbele ukufakwa kokuthwala kusuka ekutshekeni, ulayini ophakathi komgodi nomgodi wokuthwala kufanele uqondane ngesikhathi sokufakwa. Uma ukufakwa kungalungile, ukuthwala kufanele kukhishwe ebusweni bokuphela kwendandatho yangaphakathi lapho ukufakwa kabusha kudingeka. Ukuthi ukufakwa kufakwe kahle noma cha kunomthelela ngqo empilweni yayo kanye nokunemba kwenjini enkulu. Uma ifakwe ngokungafanele, ukuthwala ngeke nje kube nokudlidliza, umsindo ophakeme, ukunemba okuphansi, ukukhuphuka kokushisa okukhulu, kepha futhi nengozi yokubambeka nokushiswa; ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ifakwe kahle, ngeke iqinisekise ukunemba kuphela, kodwa futhi izokwelula kakhulu impilo yayo. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokufakwa kokuthwala, kufanele kuhlolwe.
Ukulungisa imvume ye-axial Ngokufakwa kwe-axial clearance yamabheringi e-tapered roller, ungasebenzisa i-nut yokulungisa ku-journal, i-washer yokulungisa kanye nentambo emgodini wesihlalo sokuthwala, noma usebenzise intwasahlobo yokuzenzisa ukulungisa. Usayizi wemvume ye-axial uhlobene nokuhleleka kokuthwala, ibanga eliphakathi kwamabheringi, nezinto zomshudo nesihlalo sokuthwala, futhi kunganqunywa ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza.
Kumabheringi we-tapered roller anemithwalo ephezulu nesivinini esikhulu, lapho kulungiswa imvume, kufanele kucatshangelwe umphumela wokushisa kokushisa emgodini we-axial, futhi ukunciphisa ukuncipha okubangelwa ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kufanele kulinganiselwe, okungukuthi, imvume ye-axial It idinga ukulungiswa ukuze ibe nkulu.
Ukuze kube namabheringi anejubane eliphansi futhi adlidliza, ukufakwa okungenawo imvume noma ukufakwa kwangaphambi kokulayishwa kufanele kwamukelwe. Inhloso yalo ukwenza ama-roller kanye nama-raceways ama-tapered roller bearings axhumane kahle, ngokulinganayo asabalalise umthwalo, futhi avimbele ama-roller kanye nama-raceways ekulimaleni ngokudlidliza nomthelela. Ngemuva kokulungiswa, usayizi wemvume ye-axial uhlolwe ngenkomba yokudayela.